Calcium plays a vital role in the biochemistry of the cell, particularly in signal transduction pathways. The skeleton acts as a major storage site for the element and releases Ca2+ into the bloodstream under controlled conditions. Circulating calcium is either in the free, ionized form or bound to blood proteins such as albumin. The hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland, parathyroid hormone, regulates the resorption of Ca2+ from bone.
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- Calcium Discusses deficiency, toxicity, requirements, and supplementation.
- Human Vitamin and Mineral Requirements: Calcium Covers populations at risk for deficiency, determinants of calcium balance, ethnic and environmental variations. From the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
- Consensus Statement on Optimal Calcium Intake Published in JAMA Answers questions about the intake of calcium by age and gender. Includes important cofactors, risks, and research recommendations.