Holothuroideans are the sea cucumbers. They are sausage-shaped and have fleshy bodies with the skeleton reduced to a few ossicles in the body wall. Tentacles surround their mouths and help them to eat, pushing food towards their mouths. They crawl or burrow into soft sediments using muscular movements of the body wall.
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- Holothuroidea Introduction, characteristics, phylogenetic relationships and fossil history of the sea cucumber, from the Tree of Life Web Project.
- Cucumber Defenses Rob Toonen's comments about the defense mechanisms of sea cucumbers.
- Athyonidium chilensis Images and brief information about this Chilean species (Dendrochirotida: Cucumariidae).
- Sea Cucumbers - Class Holothuroidea Description and interesting facts.
- Holothuroidea - Sea Cucumbers Overview, including characteristics, taxonomy, phylogenetic relationships, and fossil history.
- Holothuria forskali: Black Sea Cucumber Photographs and a description of this species.
- Cotton-Spinner (Holothuria forskali) Whilst diving round the coasts of Britain, Jane Lilley observed this sea cucumber and its behavior.
- Sea Cucumber: Holothuria pardalis Research project by Ka Wai Hui on this species, including its classification, habitat, reproduction, nutrition, adaptations and use to humans.
- Thyonella gemmata Taxonomy and photograph of this shallow-water sea cucumber.
- Istichopus badionotus Taxonomy, description and photograph of this sea cucumber.
- Holothuroidea Wikipedia article on this class of marine animals, the sea cucumbers, with elongated bodies and leathery skin.
- Cucumaria frondosa Exercise from Invertebrate Anatomy OnLine covering the systematics, external and internal anatomy of this sea cucumber.
- Sclerodactyla briareus Exercise from Invertebrate Anatomy OnLine covering the systematics, external and internal anatomy of this sea cucumber, with notes on Cucumaria.
- ADW: Class Holothuroidea Photographs and information on the sea cucumbers from the Animal Diversity Web.