Ruled in Transoxiana and Persia from 874 to 999. For a time their capital Bukhara and Samarkand almost eclipsed the Abbasid capital of Baghdad; they professed outward loyalty to the Abbasids, but virtually independent. The southern half of their state was absorbed by the Ghaznavids, while the north fell to the Ilek Khans of Turkestan.
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- Samanid Renaissance and Establishment of Tajik Identity A paper by Iraj Bashiri describes the context in which the Samanid culture of Transoxiana and Khurasan flourished, after breaking away from the Abbasid Caliphate; also explains its downfall.
- The Samanids Bukhara and Samarkand in Transoxiana became famous Samanid cultural centres. An illustrated article.