Z, pronounced "zed", is a formal specification notation, a notation for formally, mathematically specifying, describing, computer-based systems. It is not a programming language, so it has no compiler as such, but many tools exist: type-checkers, animators for Z subsets, proof tools, more. Z is based on Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory and first order predicate logic. Inspired by the work of Jean-Raymond Abrial, it has been developed by the Programming Research Group (PRG) at the Oxford University Computing Laboratory (OUCL), and elsewhere, since the late 1970s. It is public domain, under ISO/IEC Z Standard 13568:2002, and Z symbols are part of Unicode character encoding.
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- TCOZ Page Timed Communicating Object-Z integrates Object-Z and Timed CSP, for modeling state, concurrent events, real-time behavior, and structuring and decomposing systems to control complexity. Description, publications, book list.
- MOBY Official page. C++ class library, basis of three tools: Moby/PLC, Moby/SDL, and Moby/OZ graphical editor to build specifications in Z/Object-Z, allows structured development via hierarchy concepts, handles many text formats.
- Combination and Implementation of Processes and Data: from CSP-OZ to Java Ph.D. thesis, University of Oldenburg, 2000. PostScript file.
- Standard for Z Notation International Z Notation standardization effort finished in 2002 and yielded The ISO/IEC Z Standard. Brief description, links to ISO, panel members, meeting minutes, FAQ, committee drafts.
- Community Z Tools Initiative: CZT Proposed to Z community, now under discussion. Mail list archive, proposals, comments, responses.