Coal (previously referred to as pitcoal or seacoal) is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground by underground mining or open-pit mining (surface mining). It is a readily combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock. It is composed primarily of carbon along with assorted other elements, including sulfur.
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- China Coal Information Network Information about the country's coal resources, mine safety, coalbed methane, clean coal technology, and other research and development.
- International Energy Agency Coal Research - The Clean Coal Centre Research and development on efficient coal supply and use, including technologies for reducing the emissions from coal combustion.
- Illinois Clean Coal Institute (ICCI) State of Illinois (U.S.) coal research and development program with emphasis on continued utilization, environmentally clean burning, and new markets for Illinois Basin coals. Located at the Illinois Coal Development Park in Carterville, Illinois.
- Center for Applied Energy Research University of Kentucky center conducting studies on topics including advanced coal beneficiation, utilization, conversion and process technologies, fuel use and coal combustion by-products.
- Institute for Solid Fuels Technology and Applications (ISFTA) Promotes of research and development of solid fuels and their by-products in Greece. Includes mission statement, activities and publications.
- American Coal Foundation Develops, produces and disseminates coal-related educational materials and programs designed for teachers and students.